Nigerian drug laws (NDLEA Act, Criminal Code, Penal Code) impose strict penalties, but enforcement often triggers human rights concerns such as torture, prolonged detention, and lack of access to fair trial.

International treaties and Nigerian case law emphasize the need to balance drug control with fundamental rights like dignity, privacy, and health.

A rights-based approach calls for rehabilitation, legal reforms, and accountability rather than over-criminalisation.

The Nigerian Highway Code (NHC), FRSC Act 2007, and National Road Traffic Regulations form the backbone of traffic law enforcement in Nigeria.

Common offences include speeding, drunk driving, seatbelt violations, phone use while driving, reckless overtaking, and driving without valid documents.

Weak enforcement, corruption, poor road infrastructure, and low public awareness are the major challenges limiting effectiveness.

Patients in Nigeria have rights guaranteed under the Constitution, National Health Act 2014, and other statutes, including the right to emergency care, dignity, confidentiality, and non-discrimination.

Breaches include denial of emergency treatment, failure to obtain informed consent, and breaches of privacy — all of which have legal consequences.

Patients can seek redress through civil suits, regulatory complaints, and consumer protection bodies.